NiMARE: A Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis Research Environment

Presented During:


Poster No:

1932 

Submission Type:

Abstract Submission 

Authors:

Taylor Salo1, Tal Yarkoni2, Katherine Bottenhorn1, Thomas Nichols3, Krzysztof Gorgolewski4, Michael Riedel1, James Kent5, Enrico Glerean6, Murat Bilgel7, Jessey Wright8, Puck Reeders1, Dylan Nielson9, Julio Yanes10, Alexandre Pérez11, Matthew Sutherland1, Angela Laird1

Institutions:

1Florida International University, Miami, FL, 2University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 3University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 4Google, Mountain View, CA, 5University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 6Aalto University, Espoo, Espoo, Finland, 7National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 8Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 9NIMH/NIH, Bethesda, MD, 10Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 11McGill University, Montreal, Quebec

First Author:

Taylor Salo  
Florida International University
Miami, FL

Co-Author(s):

Tal Yarkoni, PhD  
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, TX
Katherine Bottenhorn  
Florida International University
Miami, FL
Thomas Nichols  
University of Oxford
Oxford, United Kingdom
Krzysztof Gorgolewski  
Google
Mountain View, CA
Michael Riedel  
Florida International University
Miami, FL
James Kent  
University of Iowa
Iowa City, IA
Enrico Glerean  
Aalto University
Espoo, Espoo, Finland
Murat Bilgel  
National Institute on Aging
Bethesda, MD
Jessey Wright  
Stanford University
Stanford, CA
Puck Reeders  
Florida International University
Miami, FL
Dylan Nielson  
NIMH/NIH
Bethesda, MD
Julio Yanes  
Auburn University
Auburn, AL
Alexandre Pérez  
McGill University
Montreal, Quebec
Matthew Sutherland  
Florida International University
Miami, FL
Angela Laird, PhD  
Florida International University
Miami, FL

Introduction:

Meta-analytic databases like BrainMap, Neurosynth, and NeuroVault have become extremely popular tools for a range of analyses, including coordinate- and image-based meta-analysis, region-of-interest definition, meta-analytic coactivation modeling, meta-analytic parcellation, semantic model development, and quantitative functional decoding. Each of these analyses has been approached in a number of ways across the literature, often accompanied with closed-source code, or even no code at all.

NiMARE (Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis Research Environment) is a Python library that implements a range of meta-analytic tools for neuroimaging data. NiMARE is open source, collaboratively developed, and includes citations for all methods so that the original creators will receive credit in any publications using their method. NiMARE is currently in alpha development, although in the past year the package has developed considerably. Here we describe the latest improvements to NiMARE, including documentation, implemented methods, software improvements, and future directions.

Methods:

NiMARE's principal purpose is to consolidate meta-analytic algorithms designed for neuroimaging data into a single, open source package with a common interface across methods, much like scikit-learn has done for classification algorithms. NiMARE relies on a highly modularized coding style, in which each kind of algorithm is grouped with similar algorithms, regardless of source. This style is enhanced with an object-oriented approach, in which modules share parent classes so that each algorithm shares the same inputs, methods, and outputs with others of the same type.

Results:

Currently, NiMARE implements a number of meta-analytic algorithms and associated analytic tools. Meta-analytic algorithms are split into image- and coordinate-based methods. NiMARE includes a range of coordinate-based meta-analysis algorithms, including activation likelihood estimation, specific coactivation likelihood estimation, multilevel kernel density analysis, and kernel density analysis. For image-based meta-analyses, NiMARE implements a number of common fixed-, random-, and mixed-effects methods, and has recently added Bayesian mixed-effects methods with the Stan package. The general nature of many of these image-based methods has led the NiMARE developers to create a separate, domain-agnostic meta-analysis library, PyMARE (https://github.com/neurostuff/PyMARE), from which NiMARE can import methods and vectorize them across voxels in order to apply them to fMRI data.

In addition to meta-analyses, NiMARE has added methods for automated annotation, functional decoding, and dataset extraction. In the past year, NiMARE has added support for generalized correspondence latent Dirichlet allocation and standard latent Dirichlet allocation, as well as annotation methods using the Cognitive Atlas ontology. Associated functional decoding and encoding methods are supported as well. NiMARE has also added a number of dataset extraction methods to allow users to easily access a number of resources that can be used in conjunction with the algorithms implemented in the package.

Conclusions:

NiMARE aims to centralize neuroimaging meta-analysis methods, with contributions from both developers and users. In the past year, we have hosted a hackathon with over a dozen attendees, added support for new annotation, decoding, and extraction methods, and expanded testing and documentation. Additionally, NiMARE has been used in a number of posters, as well as the recent preprint for the NARPS project [Botvinik-Nezer et al. 2019].

Modeling and Analysis Methods:

Methods Development 2

Neuroinformatics and Data Sharing:

Informatics Other 1

Keywords:

FUNCTIONAL MRI
Informatics
Meta- Analysis
Statistical Methods

1|2Indicates the priority used for review

My abstract is being submitted as a Software Demonstration.

Yes

Please indicate below if your study was a "resting state" or "task-activation” study.

Other

Healthy subjects only or patients (note that patient studies may also involve healthy subjects):

Healthy subjects

Are you Internal Review Board (IRB) certified? Please note: Failure to have IRB, if applicable will lead to automatic rejection of abstract.

No

Was any human subjects research approved by the relevant Institutional Review Board or ethics panel? NOTE: Any human subjects studies without IRB approval will be automatically rejected.

Not applicable

Was any animal research approved by the relevant IACUC or other animal research panel? NOTE: Any animal studies without IACUC approval will be automatically rejected.

Not applicable

Please indicate which methods were used in your research:

Functional MRI

Provide references using author date format

[1] Botvinik-Nezer et al. (2019). “Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams.” bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/843193.